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Overview

The ProductoModel class provides simple read-only access to the product catalog stored in the producto database table. It supports listing all available products and retrieving individual product details by item code. Database Table: producto Key Responsibilities:
  • List all products for selection interfaces
  • Retrieve product details by item code
  • Provide product information for return registration
This model only implements read operations. Product catalog management (create, update, delete) is handled through separate administrative interfaces not included in the DevolutionSync core.

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Constructor

public function __construct()
Initializes the model and establishes database connection using Conexion::Conectar().

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Methods

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listarTodos()

public function listarTodos()
Retrieves all products from the catalog, ordered alphabetically by description. Used to populate product selection dropdowns and autocomplete interfaces when auxiliary users register returns. Returns: array - Array of associative arrays with the following structure:
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item
string
Product item code (unique identifier)
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descripcion
string
Product description or name
SELECT item, descripcion 
FROM producto 
ORDER BY descripcion ASC

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obtenerPorItem()

public function obtenerPorItem($item)
Retrieves detailed information for a specific product by its item code. Used to auto-fill product description when an auxiliary user enters or selects an item code during return registration.
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item
string
required
The product item code to search for (e.g., “PROD001”)
Returns: array|false - Associative array with product data, or false if not found
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item
string
Product item code (matches the search parameter)
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descripcion
string
Product description or name
SELECT item, descripcion 
FROM producto 
WHERE item = ?
This method returns false (not null) when no product is found. Always use explicit boolean checks (if ($producto) or if ($producto !== false)) to handle missing products correctly.

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Database Schema

Table: producto The producto table contains the complete product catalog with inventory control fields:
ColumnTypeDescriptionUsed by Model
idINT (PK, AUTO_INCREMENT)Primary keyNo
itemVARCHAR (UNIQUE)Product item codeYes
descripcionVARCHARProduct name/descriptionYes
minimoDECIMALMinimum inventory levelNo
maximoDECIMALMaximum inventory levelNo
pesoPromDECIMALAverage weight per unitNo
The ProductoModel class intentionally excludes minimo, maximo, and pesoProm fields because:
  1. Return registration doesn’t require inventory data - Auxiliary users only need to identify the product (item + descripcion)
  2. Separation of concerns - Inventory management is handled by separate warehouse systems
  3. Simplified API - Reduces payload size and complexity for frontend interfaces
  4. Data privacy - Internal inventory targets are not exposed to all auxiliary users
If your implementation requires weight calculations (e.g., auto-calculating cantidad_kg from pesoProm × cantidad_und), you can extend the model:
public function obtenerConPeso($item) {
    $stmt = $this->db->prepare("SELECT item, descripcion, pesoProm FROM producto WHERE item = ?");
    $stmt->execute([$item]);
    return $stmt->fetch();
}

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Integration with DevolucionModel

The ProductoModel is typically used in conjunction with DevolucionModel during the return registration workflow: 
// Step 1: Load product catalog for selection
$productoModel = new ProductoModel();
$productos = $productoModel->listarTodos();

// User selects a product by item code
$itemSeleccionado = 'PROD001';

// Step 2: Retrieve product details
$producto = $productoModel->obtenerPorItem($itemSeleccionado);

if (!$producto) {
    die('Producto no encontrado');
}

// Step 3: Use product data in return registration
$devolucionModel = new DevolucionModel();
$datos = [
    'item_producto' => $producto['item'],
    'descripcion_producto' => $producto['descripcion'],
    // ... other return data
];

$devolucionModel->guardar($datos);

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Frontend Integration Examples

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Select Dropdown with All Products

<select id="producto" name="item_producto" required>
    <option value="">-- Seleccione un producto --</option>
    <?php
    $model = new ProductoModel();
    $productos = $model->listarTodos();
    foreach ($productos as $p) {
        echo "<option value='{$p['item']}'>{$p['descripcion']}</option>";
    }
    ?>
</select>

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AJAX Autocomplete

// Frontend JavaScript
const itemInput = document.getElementById('item_producto');
const descripcionInput = document.getElementById('descripcion_producto');

itemInput.addEventListener('blur', async function() {
    const item = this.value.trim();
    if (!item) return;
    
    const response = await fetch(`/api/productos.php?item=${item}`);
    const data = await response.json();
    
    if (data.success) {
        descripcionInput.value = data.producto.descripcion;
    } else {
        alert('Producto no encontrado');
        this.value = '';
    }
});

// Backend API: api/productos.php
require_once '../Models/ProductoModel.php';

$item = $_GET['item'] ?? '';
$model = new ProductoModel();
$producto = $model->obtenerPorItem($item);

header('Content-Type: application/json');
if ($producto) {
    echo json_encode(['success' => true, 'producto' => $producto]);
} else {
    echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'mensaje' => 'Producto no encontrado']);
}

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Performance Considerations

Caching Recommendation: Since product catalogs are relatively static, consider implementing caching for listarTodos() results:
public function listarTodos() {
    // Check cache first
    $cacheKey = 'productos_todos';
    $cached = apcu_fetch($cacheKey);
    if ($cached !== false) {
        return $cached;
    }
    
    // Fetch from database
    $stmt = $this->db->prepare("SELECT item, descripcion FROM producto ORDER BY descripcion ASC");
    $stmt->execute();
    $result = $stmt->fetchAll();
    
    // Store in cache for 1 hour
    apcu_store($cacheKey, $result, 3600);
    return $result;
}
This reduces database load when multiple users register returns simultaneously.